JULY 47 The judicial system continued to be the domain in which the framework regulation costs indicator assumed the highest level, despite the improvement compared to 2017 The global framework regulation costs indicator aggregates nine domains, identified as potential obstacles to the activity of nonfinancial enterprises: start-up, licensing, network industries, financing, judicial system, tax system, administrative burden, barriers to internationalisation, and human resources. This indicator was surveyed by Statistics Portugal in 2014, 2017, and 2021 in a similar manner, with the results being presented on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = "Not an obstacle"; 5 = "Very high obstacle"). In 2021, the global framework regulation costs indicator registered: • The overall value of 3.09, which is higher than those found in the two previous editions: 2017 (3.05) and 2014 (3.04); • The highest values in: » The industry sector: 3.26; this was also the sector that increased the most since 2014 (+0.14); » Small and medium-sized enterprises: 3.15 (0.6 more than in 2017); » Enterprises with head office in mainland Portugal: 3.09; Global framework regulation costs indicator by sector of activity, 2014, 2017, and 2021 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 Trade Construction and real estate Energy, water, and sewage Industry Agriculture, forestry, and fishery Accommodation and food services Transport, storage, information, and communication Other services activities 2014 2017 2021 The domains human resources and network industries, despite not being high obstacles to the exercise of business activity, presented, between 2017 and 2021, the largest increases in the indicator of regulation costs (+0.17), reflecting the greater difficulty in access to qualified technicians and in hiring workers, as well as the increases in the cost of services related to the supply/access to liquid fuels and the transport of goods by sea/river and land in this period. 1 Regulation costs are negative effects arising from rules, procedures, actions, and/or omissions, which impair the activity of enterprises, and which are not attributable to the investor, the business, or the organisation. 2 In 2021, the survey was conducted in February and March 2022.
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